KPI-Driven Business Intelligence: A Review of Frameworks and Visualization Tools

Abstract

Abstract—Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) serve as measurable metrics that transform complex organizational data into meaningful insights, enabling alignment between operational processes and strategic objectives. Various KPI frameworks, such as the Balanced Scorecard, Performance Prism, and SMART methodology, offer systematic approaches for selecting, designing, and categorizing KPIs to ensure relevance and effectiveness. The distinction between strategic KPIs, which focus on long-term goals, and operational KPIs, which monitor short-term performance, is essential for balanced organizational growth. Business Intelligence (BI) tools, including Tableau, Power BI, and Qlik, facilitate advanced visualization and interactive dashboard creation, improving the accessibility and interpretability of KPI data for stakeholders. This review consolidates pre-2021 research on KPI-driven BI frameworks and visualization techniques, highlighting their role in fostering organizational agility, operational efficiency, and evidence-based decision-making. By integrating robust KPI design principles with modern BI visualization capabilities, organizations can achieve improved performance monitoring, streamlined operations, and a stronger foundation for sustainable competitive advantage. Additionally, the possibilities of BI systems are being increased by new developments in AI-driven analytics and real-time KPI tracking. Emerging AI-driven analytics and real-time KPI tracking enhance BI potential, highlighting the need for continuous innovation in KPI management.